Karnataka > Hindustani Music
As mentioned earlier, Pundarika Vitthala (1562-1599), a native of Satanur near Magadi was proficient in both Karnatak and Hindustani music. Though the Mysore rulers mainly patronised Karnatak music, they also encouraged Hindustani music. In the northern part of Karnataka, petty principalities of Ramadurga and Jamakhandi patronised Hindustani music. Eminent Hindustani musicians were employed in these durbars. Giants of Hindustani music like Balakrishna Raste, Ganapath Rao Raste, Nandopant Joglekar, Balanwantrao Vaidya, Dada Khare, Antubuva Apte, Balawantrao Katkar, Alladiya Khan, Khan Abdul Karim Khan, Rahmat Khan, Ramakrishnabuva Vaze, Shivarambuva, Munji Khan, Vishnupant Chatre, Nilkanthbuva, Shankaradikshit Janthali, Siddarama Jambaldinni, Dattopanth Pathak, Panchakshari Gavai, Hanumantharao Valvekar, Vithalrao Koregaonkar and Ramabhau Kundgolkar (Savai Gandharava) were some artistes who resided permanently in these regions or graced these places with their music.
Some stalwarts in the Hindustani arena from Karnataka are Mallikarjuna Mansoor, Gangubai Hanagal, Basavaraja Rajaguru, Bhimsen Joshi, Kumar Gandharva, Devendra Murdeshwar, Vishudas Shirali, Puttaraja Gavai, Basavaraja Mansoor, Krishnabai Ramdurg, Phakeerappa Gavai, Gurubasavaiah Hiremath, V.V. Uttarkar, D. Garuda, N.G. Majumdar, R.S. Desai, Arjunasa Nakod, Sheshagiri Hanagal, Lakshmi G. Bhave, Manik Rao Raichurkar, Sangameshwar Gurav and Shyamala G. Bhave.
Many vocalists and instrumentalists have attained distinction and enriched the tradition of Karnataka by their original contribution. Among the vocalists, Chintalapalli Ramachadra Rao, Channakeshavaiah, Padmanabha Rao, T.N. Puttaswamaiah, R.S. Narayana Swamy, R.K. Ramanathan and R.K. Sreekantan, Kurudi Venkannacharya, Thitte Krishna Iyengar, L.S. Narayanaswamy Bhagavathar, B.S.R. Iyengar, A. Subba Rao, R. Chandrashekharaiah, Pallavi Chandrappa, M.A. Narasimachar, Rallapalli Ananthakrishna Sharma, Sandyavandanam Srinivasa Rao, Srinivasa lyengar, Vasadam Iyengar, Chokkamma, Neelamma Kadambi, Channamma, Papa Chudamani, etc. are prominent.
Among the instrumentalists, Veena players like Srikanta Iyer, V. Doreswamy Iyengar, Balakrishna, R.N. Doreswamy, M.J. Srinivasa Iyengar, R.K. Srinivasa murthy, R.K. Suryanarayana, R. Visweshara, Chokkamma, R. Alamelu, Suma Sudhindra and Rajalakshmi Tirunarayana are notable. The flutists include M.R. Doreswamy, B. Shankar Rao, V. Deshikachar, M.P. Upadhyaya, Rajanarayana, Shashidhar and Shashank (child prodigy). The notable violinists are R.R. Keshavamurthy, Anoor Ramakrishna, H.V. Krishnamurthy, A. Veerabbadraiah, Mahadevappa. M. Nagaraj and M. Manjunath, Sheshagiri Rao, A.V. Krishnamachar, H.K. Venkataram, Tatachar, Kanchana Subbaratnam, M.S. Subramanyam, M.S. Govindaswamy, H.K. Narasimhamurthy, T.G. Tyagarajan and A.V. Venkatarammaiah, B. Viswanath. Players of percussion instruments include M.S. Ramaiah, V.V. Ranganathan, Ramachar, M.S. Seshappa Bangalore. K. Venkataram, A.V. Anand, T.A.S. Mani, K.N.
Krishnamurthy, V.S. Rajagopal, Rajachar, Rajakesari, Chandramouli, Bhadrachar, Praveen, Sonala Sheshagiridas, B.G. Lakshminarayana, Sukanya Ramagopal, Dattareya Sharma, Ananthakrishna Sharma and K. Muniratnam Naranappa (mukhaveena), Ramadasappa, Ravikiran (gotuvadya) and Kadri Gopalanath (saxophone), Narasimhalu Vadavatie, Bindu Madhava Pathak (Rudra Veena) and Rajiv Taranath (Sarodist) are other instrumentalists who are popular.
Gamaka art is an ancient one. The practitioners of this art in repent times include Joladarasi Doddanna Gowda, S. Nagesha Rao, B.S.S. Kaushik, H.K. Ramaswamy, Gunduramaiah, S. Vasudeva Rao. R. Shankarnarayana, Hosabele Seetharama Rao, G.B. Gopinatha Rao, Talakadu Mayigauda, M. Raghavendra Rao etc. There is a Gamaka Kala Parishat at Bangalore.
The romantic poetry of modern period derived a new style, melody and new musical form, called 'Sugama Sangitha'. This form of music was influenced both by classical Kamataka and Hindustani music and also western music. P. Kalinga Rao was a pioneer in this field. He was followed by Mysore Ananthaswamy who made this form of music extermely popular. C. Aswath. H.R. Leelavathi, Jayavanthi Devi Hirebet, Anuradha Dhareshwar, Shimoga Subbanna, Ratnamala Prakash, Malathi Sharma, Kasturi Shankar, Shyamala G. Bhave, B.R. Chaya, B.K. Sumitra, Shymala Jahagirdar, Yeshwant Halibandi, Usha Ganesh, Narisimha Nayak, Indu Vishwanath, H.K. Narayana, E.G. Ramanath and Y.K. Muddukrishna and others have made light music popular. The Government of Kamataka has a separate section devoted to the advancement of music in Karanataka. The Secondary Education Board conducts examinations in music and awards certificates to the participating candidates. Many universities in the state offer courses at the graduation and post-graduation levels in music. The government also awards scholarships to talented and deserving candidates who are interested in learning music. The casette revolution has made an immense contribution in popularising light music and also classical music by taking it into every household in the state. The role of the Kannada stage in popularising music is in no way small. Varadachar, Malavalli Sundramma, Aswathamma, Nagesh Rao, Subbayya Naidu, Gangubai Guledgud, Sonubai, Subhadramma Mansoor, Vajrappa, B.N. Chinnappa, Sarojamma Dhuttaragi, H.K. Yoga Narasimha are a few artistes who made a name in this field.
In addition, the annual music festivals like the Ramanavami and Ganesh Chaturthi, music festivals in Bangalore and Mysore, art festival in Hubli, Savai Gandharva Festival at Kundagol and a host of other music festivals conducted annually by different organisations and association are providing stimulus for the popularisation of music in the state.Several institutions run by organisations are training students and aspiring youngsters in music. Sri Ayyanar College of Music, Vijaya College of Music, Ganakala Mandira, Vijayakalamandira, Sri Venkateshwara Gananilaya, Sri Vijaya Sangeetha Vidyalaya, Adarsha Film
Institute, Vijaya Film Institute, (all founded in Bangalore), Sri Panchankshari Krupa Poshita Sangita Shala (Gudur, Bijapur), Sri Raghavendra Sangita Vidyalaya (Raichur), Tyagaraja Sangeeta Vidyalaya (Ramanagar), Sri Vanividya Society (Shimoga), Sri Panchakshari Lalitha Kala and Sangitha Kala Sangha (Bijapur), Suptha Mahilamandir, Tumkur, Lalitha Kala Vrinda, Karkala, Ekanatheshwari Sangita Kala Mandira (Chitradurga), etc. are some of the institu-tions affilieated to Kamataka Sangita Nritya Academy, Bangalore. In addition to this a large number of private institutions are running music calssess in many urban centres of the state.
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